As manifestations of this literary ideal The Western Canon offers up 26 exemplary individuals, whom Bloom divides according to the system of historical periods elaborated by the Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico. Skipping past Vico’s “Theocratic Age,” Bloom leaps at once into the “Aristocratic Age,” whose greatest names for him are Dante, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Montaigne, Molière, Goethe and Dr. Johnson. For the “Democratic Age” there is Wordsworth, Austen, Dickens, Whitman, Dickinson, George Eliot, Ibsen and Tolstoy. The “Chaotic Age” (Bloom’s own invention) brings us up to Freud, Proust, Woolf, Joyce, Kafka, Pessoa, Borges, Neruda and Beckett. The essays on these figures are preceded by Bloom’s “Elegy for the Canon,” then briefly postscripted with an “Elegiac Conclusion” and a series of appendices (apparently forced on him by his publisher), containing hundreds of recommendations for a “full” canon, from Homer to Toni Morrison.
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